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Commit e11bd063 authored by Matthew Bunney's avatar Matthew Bunney
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Edits irrep section

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...@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ The allowed combinations can be obtained by a careful symmetry analysis. ...@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ The allowed combinations can be obtained by a careful symmetry analysis.
% $E_1$ & $[\hat{\mathbf{d}}_x, \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y]$ \\ \hline % $E_1$ & $[\hat{\mathbf{d}}_x, \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y]$ \\ \hline
% \end{tabular} % \end{tabular}
% \caption{ % \caption{
% \captiontitle{Two spin basis functions of the irreducible % \captiontitle{two-spin basis functions of the irreducible
% representations of \texorpdfstring{$C_{6v}$}{C6v}.} The basis % representations of \texorpdfstring{$C_{6v}$}{C6v}.} The basis
% functions are naturally expressed in terms of the $d$-vector terminology % functions are naturally expressed in terms of the $d$-vector terminology
% developed for to describe superconducting pairing. % developed for to describe superconducting pairing.
...@@ -332,51 +332,57 @@ The allowed combinations can be obtained by a careful symmetry analysis. ...@@ -332,51 +332,57 @@ The allowed combinations can be obtained by a careful symmetry analysis.
% e^{-i \bvec a_2 \cdot \bvec k}) % e^{-i \bvec a_2 \cdot \bvec k})
% \end{equation} % \end{equation}
\todo{This needs more work}
As mentioned above, when analysing the results of the FRG flow, we classify the As mentioned above, when analysing the results of the FRG flow, we classify the
superconducting instability that diverges in divergent superconducting instability by its symmetry behaviour\,\cite{sigrist1987}.
our flow by its symmetry behaviour\,\cite{sigrist1987}. The divergent eigenstate \todo{better citation for symmetry analysis in FRG?}
will belong to one of the irreducible representations, or irreps, of the point The divergent eigenstate will belong to one of the irreducible representations,
symmetry group of the lattice. This is easiest done in systems where the $SU(2)$ or irreps, of the point symmetry group of the lattice.
symmetry of the spins remains preserved, as we may then ignore the symmetric spin This is easiest done in systems where the $SU(2)$ symmetry of the spins remains preserved,
degree of freedom of our eigenstate, and the irrep of the entire state can be fully as we may then ignore the symmetric spin degree of freedom of our eigenstate,
understood by symmetry of the momentum space pairing. For example, the triangular and the irrep of the entire state can be fully understood by symmetry of the
lattice has a point symmetry group $C_{6v}$, and the irrep breakdown of superconducting spatial pairing, \textit{i.e.} by analysing the symmetry of the real space bond
states can be classified by matching the momentum space pairing with one of the order or the momentum space pairing.
spatial irrep. A breakdown of these momentum space irreps shown in Table For example, the triangular lattice has a point symmetry group $C_{6v}$, and the
\ref{tab:mom-irreps} . irrep breakdown of superconducting
states can be classified by matching the spatial pairing with one of the
When the $SU(2)$ symmetry of the spins is broken by spin-oribtal coupling, spatial irrep basis functions. A breakdown of these functions shown in the
the representation of the transformation behaviour of the spins under symmetry first coloumn of Table \ref{tab:mom-irreps} .
group actions can no longer be ignored\,\cite{kaba2019}. Instead, we aim to build
an irrep basis by understanding both the momentum and the two spins of our When the $SU(2)$ symmetry of the spins is broken by the introduction of
superconducting states transform under the group symmetry actions, both shown in spin-oribtal coupling, the transformation behaviour of
Tables \ref{tab:mom-irreps} \& \ref{tab:spin-irreps}. The details on how the two the spins under symmetry group actions can no longer be ignored\,\cite{kaba2019}.
spin irrep basis functions were calculated can be found in Appendix\,\ref{app:spin-irreps}. Instead, we aim to build an irrep basis by understanding the symmetry of the
spatial component of our state in combination with the two spins of our
The overall basis function irreps can be constructed from the tensor product of superconducting states, \textit{i.e.} how the whole state transforms under
the two spin and momentum irreps. We only take those products which give us physical group symmetry actions.
To construct the irrep basis functions for the overall states, we first consider
how just the two spins transform under the point symmetry group $C_{6v}$. The details on how
the two-spin irrep basis functions were calculated can be found in
Appendix\,\ref{app:spin-irreps}, and the functions themselves are listed in the
second column of Table \ref{tab:mom-irreps} .
The overall basis function irreps can then be constructed from the tensor product of
the two-spin and spatial irreps. We only take those products which give us physical
states, \textit{i.e.} those which are antisymmetric under exchange of all quantum indices. states, \textit{i.e.} those which are antisymmetric under exchange of all quantum indices.
For example, $E_2 \otimes E_1$ would describe even-momentum spin-triplet states, which For example, $E_2 \otimes E_1$ would describe spatially even ($d$-wave)
are not physical. Out of all but one of the possible physical products, at spin-triplet states, which are not physical.
least one of the two irreps going into the tensor product is one-dimensional, For all but one of the possible physical products, at least one of the two
irreps going into the tensor product is one-dimensional,
meaning we can simply multiply the group characters of the two intial irreps, and meaning we can simply multiply the group characters of the two intial irreps, and
the resulting set of characters will tell us what the resulting irrep is. the resulting set of characters will tell us what the resulting irrep is.
The one special case of $E_1 \otimes E_1$ requires a further decomposition. The one special case, $\sym E 1 \otimes \sym E 1$, requires a further decomposition.
This can be done by either forming irrep projection operators for the total This can be done by either forming irrep projection operators for the total
representation, as described in Appendix \ref{app:spin-irreps}, or by a group representation, as described in Appendix \ref{app:spin-irreps}, or by a group
theoretic calculation exploiting the orthogonality of the group characters \todo{source?}. theoretic calculation exploiting the orthogonality of the group characters \todo{source?}.
The results is the following decomponsition: The results is the following decomponsition:
\begin{equation} \begin{equation}
E_1 \otimes E_1 = A_1 \oplus B_2 \oplus E_2 \, . \sym E 1 \otimes \sym E 1 = \sym A 1 \oplus \sym B 2 \oplus \sym E 2 \, .
\end{equation} \end{equation}
All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in Table All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in Table
\ref{tab:total-irreps}. \ref{tab:total-irreps}.
\begin{table} \begin{table}
\centering \centering
\begin{tabular}{cccc} \toprule \begin{tabular}{cccc} \toprule
...@@ -403,6 +409,7 @@ All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in Tab ...@@ -403,6 +409,7 @@ All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in Tab
\label{tab:total-irreps} \label{tab:total-irreps}
\end{table} \end{table}
\section{Results for the nearest-neighbor model} \section{Results for the nearest-neighbor model}
\label{sec:nn_results} \label{sec:nn_results}
......
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