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benchmark.c 21.32 KiB
/*
* =====================================================================================
*
* Filename: benchmark.c
*
* Description:
*
* Version: 1.0
* Created: 16.11.2011 14:19:31
* Revision: none
* Compiler: gcc
*
* Author: Georg Wassen (gw) (wassen@lfbs.rwth-aachen.de),
* Company: Lehrstuhl für Betriebssysteme (Chair for Operating Systems)
* RWTH Aachen University
*
* Copyright (c) 2011, Georg Wassen, RWTH Aachen University
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* =====================================================================================
*/
#include "stddef.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "info_struct.h"
#include "time.h"
#include "smp.h"
#include "sync.h"
#include "benchmark.h"
#include "perfcount.h"
extern volatile unsigned cpu_online;
bench_opt_t bench_opt = {
.cm_buffer = cm_write_back,
.cm_contender = cm_write_back,
.timebase = BENCH_HOURGLASS_SEC
};
void hourglass(unsigned sec)
{
uint64_t tsc, tsc_last, tsc_start, tsc_end, diff;
unsigned long long min = 0xFFFFFFFF, avg = 0, cnt = 0, max = 0;
//int i = -1, j;
//long p_min, p_max;
/*
* hourglass (warm-up) */
tsc = rdtsc();
tsc_end = tsc + 1 * 1000000ull * hw_info.tsc_per_usec;
while (tsc < tsc_end) {
tsc_last = tsc;
tsc = rdtsc();
diff = tsc-tsc_last;
if (diff < min) min = diff;
if (diff > max) max = diff;
avg += diff;
cnt++;
}
/*
* hourglass (now counting)
*/
min = 0xFFFFFFFF, avg = 0; cnt = 0; max = 0;
tsc_start = tsc = rdtsc();
tsc_end = tsc + sec * 1000000ull * hw_info.tsc_per_usec;
while (tsc < tsc_end) {
tsc_last = tsc;
tsc = rdtsc();
diff = tsc-tsc_last;
if (diff < min) min = diff;
if (diff > max) max = diff;
cnt++;
# if 0 //RECORD_GAPS
if (diff > GAP_THRESHOLD && i < COUNT_GAPS-1) {
benchdata.hourglass.gaps[++i].start = tsc_last;
benchdata.hourglass.gaps[i].len = diff;
}
# endif // RECORD_GAPS
}
avg = tsc - tsc_start;
# if ! __x86_64__
/*
* in 32 bit mode:
* shift avg (sum of gaps) to the right, until it fits in 32 bits
*/
unsigned shift = 0;
while (avg > 0xFFFFFFFFull) {
avg >>= 1;
shift++;
}
# endif
/* unsigned long: 32 or 64 bits (native size, cf. ptr_t) */
avg = (unsigned long)avg / (unsigned long)cnt;
# if ! __x86_64__
/*
* in 32 bit mode:
* we had a division by 2^shift before the division by cnt,
* undo this by a left-shift (multiply result with 2^shift).
* This reduces the precision, but avoids a 64 bit division in 32 bit kernel (requiring a builtin).
*/
avg <<= shift;
# endif
//p_min = (1000*min/avg)-1000;
//p_max = (1000*max/avg)-1000;
printf("[%u] cnt : min/avg/max %8u : %u/%u/%u " /* "[%i.%i:%i.%i]" */ ,
my_cpu_info()->cpu_id,
(ptr_t)cnt, (ptr_t)min, (ptr_t)avg, (ptr_t)max /* , p_min/10, abs(p_min)%10, p_max/10, abs(p_max)%10 */ );}
void load_until_flag(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t stride, flag_t *flag)
{
typedef ptr_t mytype;
size_t s;
mytype *p = buffer;
uint64_t t1, t2, cnt=0;
//uint64_t pc_cache;
perfcount_reset(0);
perfcount_start(0);
t1 = rdtsc();
while (!flag_trywait(flag)) {
for (s=0; s<size/sizeof(mytype); s+=(stride/sizeof(mytype))) {
p[s]++; /* read/write */
cnt += sizeof(mytype);
}
}
t2 = rdtsc();
perfcount_stop(0);
printf(" [%#uB/s %u]", (((cnt*hw_info.tsc_per_usec*1000)/(t2-t1))*1000u)&~0xFFFFF, perfcount_read(0));
// round last 20 bit (set to zero) so that %#u can work
}
/*
* Do range-stride benchmark for a combination of range/stride.
* Needs a buffer, that is page-aligned and at least range bytes in size.
*/
typedef char access_type;
//#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wno-pragmas"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
uint64_t range_stride(void *buffer, size_t range, size_t stride, uint64_t *p_pc0)
{
size_t r, i;
volatile access_type d;
volatile access_type *data = (volatile access_type*)buffer;
uint64_t tsc;
stride /= sizeof(access_type);
/* warm-up */
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
for (r=0; r < range; r += stride) {
d = data[r];
}
}
tsc = rdtsc();
perfcount_reset(0);
perfcount_start(0);
/* calculate count of repeats to be of approx. constant time (decreasing with increasing number of accesses in range) */
for (i=0; i<BENCH_RANGESTRIDE_REP/(range/stride); i++) {
for (r=0; r < range; r += stride) {
d = data[r];
}
}
perfcount_stop(0);
if (p_pc0 != NULL) *p_pc0 = perfcount_read(0)/(BENCH_RANGESTRIDE_REP/(range/stride));
return (rdtsc()-tsc)/(BENCH_RANGESTRIDE_REP);
}
#if __x86_64__
#define RAX "rax"
#else
#define RAX "eax"
#endif
void worker(volatile unsigned long *p_buffer, size_t range, size_t stride, access_t type, unsigned sec)
{
uint64_t tsc, tsc_last, tsc_start, tsc_end, diff, min = 0xFFFFffffFFFFffff, max = 0, avg, cnt = 0;
volatile unsigned long *p = p_buffer;
volatile unsigned long dummy;
uint64_t pc_l2;
tsc = tsc_start = rdtsc();
tsc_end = tsc_start + sec * 1000000ull * hw_info.tsc_per_usec;
perfcount_reset(0);
perfcount_start(0);
while (tsc < tsc_end) {
tsc_last = tsc;
tsc = rdtsc();
diff = tsc - tsc_last;
if (diff < min) min = diff;
if (diff > max) max = diff;
cnt++;
//if (type == AT_WRITE) printf("|%x", p);
if (p_buffer != NULL) {
switch (type) {
case AT_READ :
__asm__ volatile ("mov %0, %%" RAX : "=a"(dummy) : "m"(*p));
//dummy = *p;
break;
case AT_WRITE :
__asm__ volatile ("mov %%" RAX ", %0" : "=m"(*p) : "a"(dummy));
//*p = dummy;
break;
case AT_UPDATE :
*p += dummy;
break;
case AT_ATOMIC :
dummy = __sync_add_and_fetch(p, 1);
break;
}
p += stride/sizeof(unsigned long);
if ((ptr_t)p >= (ptr_t)p_buffer+range) p = p_buffer;
}
}
perfcount_stop(0);
avg = (tsc-tsc_start)/cnt;
// with lib.c providing __udivdi3(), 64 bit division can be done in 32 bit mode.
/*printf("t%ur%us%u : min/avg/max : %u/%u/%u\n",
(unsigned long)type, (unsigned long)range, (unsigned long)stride,
(unsigned long)min, (unsigned long)avg, (unsigned long)max);*/
pc_l2 = perfcount_read(0);
printf("%u/%u/%u [L2$:%u] ", (unsigned long)min, (unsigned long)avg, (unsigned long)max, pc_l2);
}
void bench_hourglass()
{
if (CPU_ID == 0) printf("1 CPU hourglass (%u sec) ----------------------------------------------\n", bench_opt.timebase);
barrier(&global_barrier); if (collective_only(0x0001)) {
udelay(1000000);
printf("others halt ");
hourglass(bench_opt.timebase);
printf("\n");
collective_end();
}
}
void bench_hourglass_worker(void *p_contender)
{
static barrier_t barr2 = BARRIER_INITIALIZER(2); // barrier for two
static flag_t flag = FLAG_INITIALIZER;
if (cpu_online > 1) {
if (CPU_ID == 0) printf("2 CPUs hourglass (%u sec) ---------------------------------------------\n", bench_opt.timebase);
barrier(&global_barrier);
if (collective_only(0x0003)) { /* IDs 0 and 1 */
unsigned u;
barrier(&barr2);
for (u=0; u<12; u++) {
size_t size = 1;
if (CPU_ID == 1) {
switch (u) { /* Cache Ranges valid for xaxis, Core i7 */
case 0: size=16*1024; break; /* fits into L1 Cache */
case 1: size=128*1024; break; /* fits into L2 Cache */
case 2: size=256*1024; break; /* fits into L2 Cache */
case 3: size=512*1024; break; /* fits into L2 Cache */
case 4: size=1*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 5: size=2*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 6: size=3*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 7: size=4*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 8: size=5*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 9: size=6*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 10: size=8*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache */
case 11: size=16*1024*1024; break; /* larger than Cache */
}
printf("[1] Range %#uB: ", size);
}
barrier(&barr2);
if (CPU_ID == 0) {
hourglass(bench_opt.timebase);
flag_signal(&flag);
} else {
load_until_flag(p_contender, size, 32, &flag);
printf("\n");
}
barrier(&barr2);
}
collective_end();
}
}
}
void bench_hourglass_hyperthread()
{
if (cpu_online > 4) { /* assuming, that the upper half of cores are hyperthreads */
if (CPU_ID == 0) printf("2 CPUs hourglass (hyper-threads) (%u sec) -----------------------------\n", bench_opt.timebase);
barrier(&global_barrier);
if (collective_only(0x0001 | (1 << (cpu_online/2)))) {
if (CPU_ID == 0) {
hourglass(bench_opt.timebase);
printf("\n");
} else {
hourglass(bench_opt.timebase);
printf("\n");
}
collective_end();
}
}
}
void bench_worker(void *p_buffer, void *p_contender)
{
unsigned myid = my_cpu_info()->cpu_id;
if (cpu_online > 1) {
//volatile unsigned long *p_buffer = p_buf;
size_t worker_range, worker_stride, load_range, load_stride;
unsigned load_nbr;
access_t worker_atype;
static barrier_t barr_dyn = BARRIER_INITIALIZER(MAX_CPU);
if (myid == 0) printf("Worker benchmark (%u sec) -----------------------------\n", bench_opt.timebase);
/*
* need some buffers with different cache strategies:
* - no cache
* - write-through
* - write-back
* Or a way to change attributes for a range of pages...
* (don't forget to flush the TLB after changing!)
*/
/*
* repeat benchmark for these dimensions:
* - cache (no, write-through, write-back)
* - range (<L1, <L2, <L3, >L3)
* - stride (only cache line size: 64)
* - access type (read, write, update, atomic)
* - use huge-pages (to avoid TLB effects), 4k pages (with TLB effects)
* - worker(s) on same/other pages as/than load
* - concurrent atomic access to one (or some) variables (lock-free, but contended)
*
* results:
* - min, avg, max
*/
unsigned load_nbrs[] = {0, 1, 3, 7};
size_t load_ranges[] = {16*KB, 128*KB, 4*MB, 16*MB};
size_t load_strides[]= {64};
size_t worker_ranges[] = {16*KB, 128*KB, 4*MB, 16*MB};
size_t worker_strides[] = {64};
access_t worker_atypes[] = {AT_READ, AT_WRITE, AT_UPDATE, AT_ATOMIC};
static flag_t flags[MAX_CPU];
for (unsigned u=0; u<MAX_CPU; u++) flag_init(&flags[u]);
foreach (load_nbr, load_nbrs) {
if (load_nbr >= cpu_online) { break; }
barrier(&global_barrier);
if (CPU_ID == 0) barr_dyn.max = load_nbr+1;
barrier(&global_barrier);
if (myid > load_nbr) smp_halt();
else {
foreach (load_range, load_ranges) { foreach (load_stride, load_strides) {
if (myid==0) printf("== %u load(s) on range %5u kB (stride %u) [rd, wr, upd, atomic]\n",
load_nbr, load_range>>10, load_stride);
if (myid == 0) {
/*
* start worker (benchmark)
*/
udelay(100*1000);
foreach (worker_range, worker_ranges) {
foreach (worker_stride, worker_strides) {
//printf("---- bench: range: %x (stride %u) (rd, wr, upd, atomic) \n",
// worker_range, worker_stride, worker_atype);
printf("r %#uB: ", worker_range);
foreach (worker_atype, worker_atypes) {
/*
* start benchmark
*/
worker(p_buffer, worker_range, worker_stride, worker_atype, bench_opt.timebase);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
for (unsigned u=1; u<=load_nbr; u++) flag_signal(&flags[u]);
} else {
/*
* start load
*/
load_until_flag(p_contender, load_range, load_stride, &flags[myid]);
}
barrier(&barr_dyn);
if (load_nbr == 0) goto label_break;
}
}
label_break:
if (myid == 0) {
unsigned u;
for (u=load_nbr+1; u<cpu_online; u++) smp_wakeup(u);
}
}
}
barrier(&global_barrier);
}
}
void bench_worker_cut(void *p_buffer, void *p_contender, size_t worker_size)
{
unsigned myid = my_cpu_info()->cpu_id;
static barrier_t barr2 = BARRIER_INITIALIZER(2); // barrier for two
/*
* similar worker-benchmark, but different cuts through the parameter dimensions.
*/
if (cpu_online > 1) {
if (myid==0) {
printf("1 worker on range %#uB, load on range 16 kB .. 16 MB -------------------\n", worker_size);
} else {
perfcount_init(0, PERFCOUNT_L2);
}
if (collective_only(0x0003)) {
unsigned r;
static flag_t flag = FLAG_INITIALIZER;
if (myid == 0) {
perfcount_init(0, PERFCOUNT_L1DATA);
printf("warm-up : "); worker(p_buffer, worker_size, 32, AT_UPDATE, 1);
printf("\n");
}
for (r = 16*KB; r <= 16*MB; r = (r>=512*KB && r< 8*MB)?r+512*KB:r*2) {
barrier(&barr2);
if (myid == 0) {
/* benchmark/worker */
udelay(10*1000);
printf("load %#uB : ", r);
worker(p_buffer, worker_size, 32, AT_UPDATE, bench_opt.timebase);
flag_signal(&flag);
} else {
/* load */
load_until_flag(p_contender, r, 32, &flag);
printf("\n");
}
}
collective_end();
}
}
barrier(&global_barrier);
}
void bench_rangestride(void *p_buffer)
{
/*
* memory benchmark
*/
if (CPU_ID == 0) {
size_t range, stride;
unsigned u;
uint64_t pc0;
//size_t max_range = (1 << BENCH_MAX_RANGE_POW2); // 2^25 = 32 MB
printf("Range/Stride (other CPUs in halt-state) ----------------\n");
static const size_t ranges[] = {16*KB, 32*KB, 64*KB, 128*KB, 256*KB, 512*KB, 1*MB, 2*MB, 3*MB, 4*MB, 6*MB, 8*MB, 12*MB, 16*MB};
static const size_t strides[] = {32, 64, 128, 1*KB, 4*KB};
perfcount_init(0, PERFCOUNT_L1DATA);
printf(" strides| ");
foreach (stride, strides) {
printf(" %#uB ", stride);
}
printf("\n");
printf("--------------|-");
foreach (stride, strides) {
printf("---------");
}
printf("\n");
foreach (range, ranges) {
printf("range: %#uB|", range);
foreach (stride, strides) {
unsigned long ret = range_stride(p_buffer, range, stride, &pc0);
printf(" %u %u", ret, pc0);
}
printf("\n");
}
for (u = 1; u<cpu_online; u++) {
smp_wakeup(u);
}
} else { smp_halt();
}
barrier(&global_barrier);
}
void bench_mem(void *p_buffer, void *p_contender)
{
static barrier_t barr2 = BARRIER_INITIALIZER(2); // barrier for two
static flag_t flag = FLAG_INITIALIZER;
/*
* memory benchmark
*/
if (CPU_ID == 0) {
size_t i, j;
unsigned u;
//size_t max_range = (1 << BENCH_MAX_RANGE_POW2); // 2^25 = 32 MB
printf("Range/Stride (other CPUs in halt-state) ----------------\n");
printf("str.|range%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s\n",
"4k", "8k", "16k", "32k", "64k", "128k", "256k", "512k", "1M", "2M", "4M", "8M", "16M", "32M");
for (i=BENCH_MIN_STRIDE_POW2; i<=BENCH_MAX_STRIDE_POW2; i++) { /* stride */
printf("%3u ", (1<<i));
for (j=BENCH_MIN_RANGE_POW2; j<=BENCH_MAX_RANGE_POW2; j++) { /* range */
unsigned long ret = range_stride(p_buffer, (1<<j), (1<<i), NULL);
printf(" %4u", ret);
}
printf("\n");
}
if (cpu_online > 1) {
unsigned u;
smp_wakeup(1);
/*
* redo benchmark while CPU(1) is working, too
*/
barrier(&barr2);
for (u=0; u<4; u++) {
barrier(&barr2);
for (i=BENCH_MIN_STRIDE_POW2; i<=BENCH_MAX_STRIDE_POW2; i++) { /* stride */
printf("%3u ", (1<<i));
for (j=BENCH_MIN_RANGE_POW2; j<=BENCH_MAX_RANGE_POW2; j++) { /* range */
unsigned long ret = range_stride(p_buffer, (1<<j), (1<<i), NULL);
printf(" %4u", ret);
}
printf("\n");
}
flag_signal(&flag);
barrier(&barr2);
}
}
for (u = 1; u<cpu_online; u++) {
smp_wakeup(u);
}
} else {
smp_halt();
if (CPU_ID == 1) {
/*
* do some work on different memory ranges to spill caches
*/
unsigned u;
barrier(&barr2);
for (u=0; u<4; u++) {
size_t size = 16*KB;
switch (u) { /* Cache Ranges valid for xaxis, Core i7 */
case 0: size=16*1024; break; /* fits into L1 Cache (32 kB per core) */
case 1: size=128*1024; break; /* fits into L2 Cache (256 kB per core) */
case 2: size=4*1024*1024; break; /* fits into L3 Cache (8 MB shared) */
case 3: size=16*1024*1024; break; /* larger than Cache */
}
printf("Range/Stride (one CPU working on %#uB) --------------\n", size);
barrier(&barr2);
load_until_flag(p_contender, size, 64, &flag);
barrier(&barr2);
}
}
}
barrier(&global_barrier);
}