diff --git a/main.tex b/main.tex index 39a08e85bee76130ef2e71151ba4f4fef540805e..e73065d2e8a7ef4efc795d922abee8a002f4b04d 100644 --- a/main.tex +++ b/main.tex @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Rashba Hubbard model} Triplet superconductors have recently risen to prominence as possible building blocks of topological superconductors. -The addition of Rashba SOC, with the mixing of spin subspaces promises +The addition of Rashba SOC, with the mixing of spin subspaces promises \cite{hauck2023} \todo{TODO} @@ -304,28 +304,28 @@ presented in the following. \begin{tabular}{cccc} \toprule {$\gamma$} & Spatial & Spin & Total \\ \hline \sym A 1 & \numberedHexagon{$\Delta_s$}{1}{1}{1}{1}{1}{1} - & $\hat{\mathbf{d}}_0$ + & $d_0$ & $\begin{gathered} - \Delta_{s} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_0 \\ - \Delta_{p_x} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x - \Delta_{p_y} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y + \Delta_{s} d_0 \\ + \Delta_{p_x} d_x - \Delta_{p_y} d_y \end{gathered}$ \\ - \sym A 2 & - & $\hat{\mathbf{d}}_z$ - & $\Delta_{p_y} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x + \Delta_{p_x} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y$\\ - \sym B 1 & \numberedHexagon{$\Delta_f$}{-1}{1}{-1}{1}{-1}{1} & - & - \\ - \sym B 2 & --- & --- & $\Delta_{f} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_z$ \\ \hline + \sym A 2 & --- & $d_z$ + & $\Delta_{p_y} d_x + \Delta_{p_x} d_y$\\ + \sym B 1 & \numberedHexagon{$\Delta_f$}{-1}{1}{-1}{1}{-1}{1} & --- & --- \\ + \sym B 2 & --- & --- & $\Delta_{f} d_z$ \\ \hline \sym E 1 & $\begin{bmatrix} \numberedHexagon{$\Delta_{p_x}$}{1}{-1}{-2}{-1}{1}{2} \\ \numberedHexagon{$\Delta_{p_y}$}{1}{1}{0}{-1}{-1}{0} \end{bmatrix} $ & $\begin{bmatrix} - \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x \\ - \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y + d_x \\ + d_y \end{bmatrix}$ & $\begin{bmatrix} \Delta_{p_x} \\ \Delta_{p_y} - \end{bmatrix} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_z $ \\[3em] + \end{bmatrix} d_z $ \\[3em] \sym E 2 & $\left[ \begin{aligned} @@ -339,16 +339,16 @@ presented in the following. \begin{bmatrix} \Delta_{d_{xy}} \\ \Delta_{d_{x^-y^2}} - \end{bmatrix} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_0 \\ + \end{bmatrix} d_0 \\ \Delta_f \begin{bmatrix} - \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x \\ - \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y + d_x \\ + d_y \end{bmatrix} \\ \begin{bmatrix} - \Delta_{p_y} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x - - \Delta_{p_x} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y \\ - \Delta_{p_x} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_x - + \Delta_{p_y} \hat{\mathbf{d}}_y + \Delta_{p_y} d_x + - \Delta_{p_x} d_y \\ + \Delta_{p_x} d_x + + \Delta_{p_y} d_y \end{bmatrix} \end{gathered}$ \hspace{0.5cm} @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ presented in the following. The second column is the basis function in real space, for example, as the bond pairing on nearest neighbour bonds. The third column is the two-spin basis function, in terms of the typical superconducting psuedo- - vector formulation $\hat{\mathbf{d}}$. The fourth column is the total + vector formulation $d$. The fourth column is the total spatial and two-spin basis function, calculated as decribed in the text.} \label{tab:irrep-basis-fns} \end{table} @@ -380,39 +380,39 @@ of superconducting states can be classified by matching the spatial pairing with one of the spatial irrep basis functions. A breakdown of these functions shown in the second coloumn of Table \ref{tab:irrep-basis-fns}. -When the $SU(2)$ symmetry of the spins is broken by the introduction of -spin-oribtal coupling, the transformation behaviour of -the spins under symmetry group actions can no longer be ignored\,\cite{kaba2019}. -Instead, we aim to build an irrep basis by understanding the symmetry of the -spatial component of our state in combination with the two spins of our -superconducting states, \textit{i.e.} how the whole state transforms under -group symmetry actions. - -To construct the irrep basis functions for the overall states, we first consider -how just the two spins transform under the point symmetry group $C_{6v}$. The details on how -the two-spin irrep basis functions were calculated can be found in -Appendix\,\ref{app:spin-irreps}, and the functions themselves are listed in the +When the $SU(2)$ symmetry of the spins is broken by the introduction of +spin-oribtal coupling, the transformation behaviour of +the spins under symmetry group actions can no longer be ignored\,\cite{kaba2019}. +Instead, we aim to build an irrep basis by understanding the symmetry of the +spatial component of our state in combination with the two spins of our +superconducting states, \textit{i.e.} how the whole state transforms under +group symmetry actions. + +To construct the irrep basis functions for the overall states, we first consider +how just the two spins transform under the point symmetry group $C_{6v}$. The details on how +the two-spin irrep basis functions were calculated can be found in +Appendix\,\ref{app:spin-irreps}, and the functions themselves are listed in the third column of Table \ref{tab:irrep-basis-fns} . The overall basis function irreps can then be constructed from the tensor product of the two-spin and spatial irreps. We only take those products which give us physical states, \textit{i.e.} those which are antisymmetric under exchange of all quantum indices. -For example, $E_2 \otimes E_1$ would describe spatially even ($d$-wave) -spin-triplet states, which are not physical. -For all but one of the possible physical products, at least one of the two -irreps going into the tensor product is one-dimensional, -meaning we can simply multiply the group characters of the two intial irreps, and -the resulting set of characters will tell us what the resulting irrep is. +For example, $E_2 \otimes E_1$ would describe spatially even ($d$-wave) +spin-triplet states, which are not physical. +For all but one of the possible physical products, at least one of the two +irreps going into the tensor product is one-dimensional, +meaning we can simply multiply the group characters of the two intial irreps, and +the resulting set of characters will tell us what the resulting irrep is. The one special case, $\sym E 1 \otimes \sym E 1$, requires a further decomposition. -This can be done by either forming irrep projection operators for the total -representation, as described in Appendix \ref{app:spin-irreps}, or by a group +This can be done by either forming irrep projection operators for the total +representation, as described in Appendix \ref{app:spin-irreps}, or by a group theoretic calculation exploiting the orthogonality of the group characters \todo{source?}. The results is the following decomponsition: \begin{equation} \sym E 1 \otimes \sym E 1 = \sym A 1 \oplus \sym B 2 \oplus \sym E 2 \, . \end{equation} -All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in +All of the basis functions of the combined spin-momentum system are given in fourth column of Table \ref{tab:irrep-basis-fns}. @@ -639,18 +639,18 @@ which we will take to be the mirror w.r.t. the $y$-axis: \, . \end{equation} -Given the symmetry group representation acting on a single spin $S(C_{6v})$, the -representation for two spins is simply the tensor product $S(C_{6v}) \otimes S(C_{6v})$. -The irreps are then constructed from the group symmetry matrices by calculating -the projection operators\,\cite{kaba2019}. +Given the symmetry group representation acting on a single spin $S(C_{6v})$, the +representation for two spins is simply the tensor product $S(C_{6v}) \otimes S(C_{6v})$. +The irreps are then constructed from the group symmetry matrices by calculating +the projection operators\,\cite{kaba2019}. For an irrep $\mu$ of a general discrete group $G$, this is given by formula \begin{equation} P^{(\mu)} = \sum_g \frac{d_\mu}{|G|} \chi^* (g) S(g) \end{equation} -where $\chi(g)$ is the character of group element $g$, $|G|$ is the order of the +where $\chi(g)$ is the character of group element $g$, $|G|$ is the order of the group (which is 12 for $C_{6v}$), and $d_\mu$ is the dimension of the irrep $\mu$. -The basis functions of the irrep are then the non-zero eigenvectors of the projection -operators. For the two spins, the calculated basis functions are +The basis functions of the irrep are then the non-zero eigenvectors of the projection +operators. For the two spins, the calculated basis functions are listed in Table\,\ref{tab:spin-irreps}. \bibliographystyle{apsrev4-2}